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Federal Research Center 
"Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

 Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»

Federal Research Center 
"Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

Krasnoyarsk scientists have found a way to predict and monitor the development of chronic gastritis

3 November 2022 г.

Красноярские ученые нашли способ отслеживать и прогнозировать развитие хронического гастрита
Krasnoyarsk scientists evaluated the immune response in patients with different types of chronic gastritis to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes this disease. Group G immunoglobulin antibodies are of particular importance in terms of response to Helicobacter pylori infection. By increasing or decreasing the concentration of these antibodies in the blood plasma of patients, the course of the disease can be monitored. Group G immunoglobulins can be used as a highly accurate, simple and non-invasive method for monitoring infection and the patient status. The results of the study are published in the journal Biomedicines.

Gastritis is a common inflammation of the stomach lining. It disrupts the work of the stomach and impairs the intake of necessary substances into the body. This can affect other organs and significantly worsen the quality of human life. One of the main reasons for the development of chronic gastritis is the Helicobacter pylori bacterium which lives in the stomach. It is associated with more than 80% of cases of gastritis. One can track the development of this infection using specific antibodies, but there are no exact values of these indicators for various forms of chronic gastritis.

Scientists of the Federal Research Center "KSC SB RAS" evaluated the antibody responses against the bacterium H. pylori in the blood plasma of patients with various types of chronic gastritis. They found changes in the immune response of patients to H. pylori infection, which can be used to monitor the course of the disease.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacillus causing inflammation of the gastric mucosa, on which leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes accumulate. The trigger for the infection is the human immunopathological response, which is rather surprising. It does not eliminate the bacterial infection; it not only allows the pathogen to persist, but makes the host susceptible to complications resulting from chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress caused by this bacterium can lead to the destruction of DNA, and it itself can be the direct cause of tumor formations of the gastric mucosa, followed by the formation of gastric adenocarcinoma. In addition, H. pylori leads to an increased allergic immune response in some people with chronic gastritis.

The researchers studied the characteristics of the body's immune response in 124 patients with H. pylori in various forms of chronic gastritis. The researchers found that certain antibodies dominated the plasma samples as a response to infection. For example, in patients with ordinary chronic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis, the concentration of class G immunoglobulins was increased. The appearance of such antibodies may indicate an extensive immunoreaction caused by H. pylori infection. At the same time, in patients with allergic chronic gastritis, on the contrary, a decrease in immunoglobulins was noted, but at the same time, researchers found an increase in the number of compounds formed after fat oxidation, as well as a decrease in the activity of all enzymes. Experts note that this indicates a defective work of the immune system and even the possibility of an immunodeficiency state. A decrease in the immune response leads to the activation of the H. pylori infection, which causes the deterioration of the patient's condition and the development of the disease. Thus, class G immunoglobulins can be used as a highly accurate, simple and non-invasive method for monitoring the status of H. pylori infection.

“Initially, we assessed the statistical probability of H. pylori infection in various forms of chronic gastritis. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed in all the considered types of chronic gastritis in at least 80% of patients. The presence of this bacterium in patients with allergic chronic gastritis was detected in more than 90% of cases. H. pylori infection may be a key factor in the onset and development of chronic gastritis, since it is a pathogenic bacterium which can attach to the gastric mucosa and provoke chronic inflammation. Thus, the onset and further development of chronic gastritis is associated with this infection. Therefore, in order to reduce risks, it is necessary to eliminate immune inflammation, which will decrease after the treatment of the H. pylori bacterium, ”said Olga Smirnova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Laboratory at the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North.




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