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Federal Research Center 
"Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

 Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»

Federal Research Center 
"Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

Scientists of the Federal Research Center "KSC SB RAS" will offer scenarios for water quality management in the Abakan channel

5 October 2020 г.

Ученые ФИЦ «Красноярский научный центр СО РАН» предложат сценарии управления качеством воды в Абаканской протоке
The Krasnoyarsk Regional Science Foundation has summed up the results of the Target Competition of Applied Scientific Research aimed at solving problems of urban development. The project of scientists of the Federal Research Center "Development of scenarios for the management of recreational potential of the Abakan channel of the Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk based on monitoring its environmental state and mathematical modeling" received support from the Foundation.

Over the next year, scientists will develop a mathematical model which will allow one to plan effective measures to clean the channel and maintain the given quality of its water. Andrey Degermendzhi, the project supervisor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, tells about the peculiarities of the project and basic principles for constructing such mathematical models.

What is the essence of the project, how can a water reservoir be managed?

The development of recommendations for managing the state of ecosystems is a relatively new task for science. Management is understood as scientific principles and methods which serve as the basis for developing scenarios for efficient improvement of the reservoir condition are proposed. Further, based on the received "recipes", the tasks of engineering or environmental intervention in the ecosystem are determined, which should lead to achieving the goal. Of course, the scale and cost of the stages depend on the physical size of the object and type of ecosystem. For example, from general considerations, the elimination of the "bloom" of the microalgae Spirogyra on Lake Baikal will require more expenses than the "salvation" of a small reservoir.

What is the basis for the confidence that scientists will succeed and their recommendations will be useful?

In the past, a group of Krasnoyarsk biophysicists and hydrobiologists for the first time in Russia achieved a significant improvement in the water quality of the Kantatsky reservoir in Zheleznogorsk and reservoir on the Bugach River within the boundaries of the Krasnoyarsk city. First, scientists developed mathematical models which allowed them to propose scenarios for the water quality management. Later, these measures were introduced into practice both by the scientists and city services.

In the case of the Abakan channel, we must implement the first stage: to propose scientifically based management scenarios. It is important here to significantly improve the water quality. Now we observe the fast development of microalgae and deterioration in a number of biochemical parameters; thus,  in the summer the channel is closed by the regulatory authorities as a recreational object.

The research begins with the detailed physical, chemical and biological monitoring of the state of the ecosystem. Experts take water samples at different times and at different depths in order to trace the development of the main inhabitants of the water reservoir: algae, bacteria, crustaceans. Chemists estimate the concentrations of organic and nutrient substances. Hydrophysicists estimate the velocities of currents, make a map of depths, measure the flows of substances and water at the boundary of the channel.

Taking the monitoring, our knowledge and previous projects as a basis, we have created a theoretical scheme of interactions in the ecosystem. For better results, in our and world practice, laboratory studies are additionally carried out. For example, the growth rates of different species of algae which cause water blooming are measured under controlled conditions. Such data are needed for management instruments. Due to the urgency and high cost of experimental work, we have not carried them out yet.

What possible scenarios for the development of the situation are you considering? Can the Abakan channel be clean?

For the Abakan channel, the main scenarios considers the nature of the regulated flow at the inlet from the Yenisei river side, the change in the location of the discharges of the thermopower plant, including the volume and temperature of the discharged water. The water quality management in the channel should be based on such a combination of incoming flows and temperatures so as to reduce blooming and at the same time to maintain comfortable conditions in terms of the water temperature. There is also a potential scenario which includes a new location of the warm water discharge pipe of the thermopower plant. During the summer of 2020, the channel was physically cleaned, and a part of the bank was leveled. These changes in the channel bed will lead to a change in the flow structure and other consequences and thus, will be taken into account in the model.

Can the project be scaled? Where else can such developments be useful?

The created model can be partially applied to other similar objects, for example, to the Minusinsk channel. One should bear in mind that without the stage of monitoring and adjusting the mathematical model for a particular reservoir, such a project cannot be implemented, since each ecosystem has a lot of individual properties. Of course, we can talk about the creation of a universal list of methods and activities for the first stage, including the development of a universal computerized ecological-hydrophysical model, to be adaptable in terms of a user-friendly interface to solve problems with water quality in a waterbody. But this is a long-term task.

Talking about practical implementation, how expensive are measures for the water body management, and what is needed for their implementation besides a scientific forecast?

Within the framework of the grant for the Abakan channel, we are not supposed to conduct an economic assessment of the necessary costs. It will be easy for other specialists to do this based on the proposed optimum scenarios for the water quality management. The engineering implementation of the proposed scenarios is also a matter of focused specialists. It should be noted that the adopted management scenarios must constantly be supported by the city services at the proper level, otherwise the reservoir will return to its previous state.




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